Echo Go Hydrogen Water Bottle: Portable H2 Power

Echo Go Hydrogen Water Bottle: Portable H2 Power

Introduction: Revolutionizing Hydration on the Go

In the ever-evolving landscape of health and wellness, the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle has emerged as a cutting-edge solution for those seeking to enhance their daily hydration routine. This innovative device promises to transform ordinary water into hydrogen-rich water, potentially offering a range of health benefits. The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle combines portability with advanced technology, making it an intriguing option for health-conscious individuals looking to optimize their water consumption.

Hydrogen water has gained attention in recent years due to its potential antioxidant properties and ability to combat oxidative stress. The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle capitalizes on this trend by providing a convenient way to produce hydrogen-infused water anytime, anywhere. With its compact 10 oz capacity and ability to generate hydrogen concentrations of 2-3 ppm in just 5 minutes, or 4-5 ppm in 10 minutes, this device offers a practical solution for those interested in incorporating hydrogen water into their daily routine (Echo Go User Manual, n.d.).

While the potential benefits of hydrogen water are promising, it's important to approach the topic with a balanced perspective. Current research on hydrogen water is still in its early stages, and more comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand its effects on human health. As we explore the features and purported benefits of the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle, we'll examine the available scientific evidence and consider the practical implications of using this technology in everyday life. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Echo Go, its underlying science, and the broader context of hydrogen water consumption, helping readers make informed decisions about whether this innovative product aligns with their health and wellness goals.

Here is the main body of the article on the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle:

Introduction to the Echo Go Hydrogen Water Bottle

What is the Echo Go Hydrogen Water Bottle?

The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle is a portable device designed to produce hydrogen-infused water on demand. It uses electrolysis technology to generate molecular hydrogen and dissolve it into regular water, creating hydrogen-rich water that can be consumed immediately. The Echo Go is aimed at health-conscious consumers looking for a convenient way to incorporate hydrogen water into their daily routine.

At its core, the Echo Go functions as both a water bottle and a hydrogen generator. The 10 oz (295 ml) capacity makes it suitable for on-the-go use, while the built-in hydrogen infusion technology allows users to create fresh hydrogen water wherever they are. This combination of portability and functionality sets the Echo Go apart from stationary hydrogen water machines or pre-packaged hydrogen water products.

The concept behind the Echo Go is rooted in emerging research on the potential health benefits of molecular hydrogen. By providing an easy way to produce and consume hydrogen-rich water, the Echo Go aims to make this technology accessible to everyday consumers interested in optimizing their hydration and potentially supporting their overall wellbeing.

Key Features of the Echo Go

The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle boasts several notable features that contribute to its functionality and appeal:

  1. Hydrogen Production Capabilities: The device can generate hydrogen concentrations of 2-3 parts per million (ppm) in a 5-minute cycle, or 4-5 ppm in a 10-minute cycle. This allows users to customize the hydrogen concentration based on their preferences or needs.

  2. High Negative Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP): The Echo Go produces water with an ORP of -600mV or more. A negative ORP is associated with antioxidant properties, which is one of the key proposed benefits of hydrogen water.

  3. Platinum-Coated Titanium Electrode Plates: These high-quality electrodes are used in the electrolysis process to generate hydrogen. The use of platinum and titanium helps ensure durability and efficiency in hydrogen production.

  4. BPA-Free Construction: The bottle is made from food-grade polycarbonate plastic that is free from bisphenol A (BPA), addressing concerns about potential chemical leaching from plastics.

  5. Rechargeable Battery: The built-in battery allows for multiple uses on a single charge, with the capacity to run 5-10 cycles before needing to be recharged.

  6. Compact Size: With its 10 oz capacity, the Echo Go is designed for portability, making it easy to carry and use throughout the day.

These features combine to create a user-friendly device that aims to provide a practical solution for those interested in consuming hydrogen-rich water regularly.

How the Echo Go Works

The Echo Go utilizes a process called electrolysis to infuse water with molecular hydrogen. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of how it works:

  1. Filling: The user fills the bottle with filtered, distilled, or reverse osmosis water. The quality of the input water is important, as impurities can affect the electrolysis process and the final product.

  2. Activation: The user selects either a 5-minute or 10-minute cycle, depending on the desired hydrogen concentration.

  3. Electrolysis: When activated, an electric current passes through the platinum-coated titanium electrodes. This causes water molecules (H2O) to split into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases.

  4. Hydrogen Infusion: The generated hydrogen gas is then dissolved into the water, while the oxygen is typically released through a valve.

  5. Completion: After the selected cycle time, the process stops automatically. The water is now infused with dissolved hydrogen and ready for consumption.

The importance of using filtered, distilled, or reverse osmosis water cannot be overstated. Tap water or mineral water can contain impurities that may interfere with the electrolysis process or potentially create unwanted byproducts. Additionally, using purified water helps maintain the longevity and efficiency of the device.

It's worth noting that the hydrogen-infused water should ideally be consumed within a few hours of production for maximum benefit, as the dissolved hydrogen can gradually escape over time, especially if the bottle is opened frequently.

The Science Behind Hydrogen Water

Understanding Molecular Hydrogen

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the smallest and lightest molecule in the universe, consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. Its small size and neutral charge allow it to diffuse rapidly through cell membranes, potentially reaching various compartments within cells, including mitochondria and nuclei.

In biological systems, molecular hydrogen has been proposed to act as a selective antioxidant, meaning it may neutralize harmful free radicals without interfering with beneficial oxidative processes. This selectivity is a key differentiator from other antioxidants, which can sometimes have indiscriminate effects.

The potential benefits of molecular hydrogen are thought to stem from several mechanisms:

  1. Direct neutralization of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  2. Activation of antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins
  3. Modulation of cell signaling and gene expression
  4. Anti-inflammatory effects

Compared to other antioxidants, molecular hydrogen has some unique properties. It does not appear to accumulate in the body, reducing the risk of overdose. Additionally, as it's a gas, it can potentially reach areas of the body that other antioxidants might not easily access.

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Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)

Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) is a measure of a substance's ability to act as an oxidizing or reducing agent. In the context of hydrogen water, a negative ORP indicates a higher concentration of electrons available for reduction reactions, which is associated with antioxidant properties.

The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle claims to produce water with an ORP of -600mV or more. This highly negative ORP is achieved through the electrolysis process, which infuses the water with molecular hydrogen. The dissolved hydrogen acts as a reducing agent, lowering the ORP of the water.

Potential benefits of consuming water with a negative ORP include:

  1. Neutralization of free radicals in the body
  2. Support for the body's natural antioxidant systems
  3. Potential reduction of oxidative stress

However, it's important to note that while a negative ORP is often associated with antioxidant properties, the relationship between ORP and health outcomes in humans is complex and not fully understood. More research is needed to definitively establish the benefits of consuming water with a highly negative ORP.

Current Research on Hydrogen Water

Research on the health effects of hydrogen water is still in its early stages, with many studies conducted in vitro or on animal models. While some human studies have shown promising results, larger, long-term clinical trials are needed to establish definitive health benefits.

Some areas where hydrogen water has shown potential include:

  1. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects: Several studies have suggested that hydrogen water may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in various conditions (Ohta et al., 2011; Ishibashi et al., 2015).

  2. Athletic performance and recovery: Some research indicates that hydrogen water might improve exercise-induced fatigue and aid in recovery (Aoki et al., 2012).

  3. Metabolic health: Preliminary studies have explored the potential effects of hydrogen water on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles (Kajiyama et al., 2008).

  4. Neurological health: Early research has investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of hydrogen (Fu et al., 2009).

However, it's crucial to interpret these findings cautiously. Many studies have been small in scale or short in duration, and results have not always been consistent across different research groups. Additionally, the optimal dosage and long-term effects of hydrogen water consumption are not yet well-established.

Areas requiring further investigation include:

  1. Long-term safety and efficacy of regular hydrogen water consumption
  2. Optimal dosage and frequency of consumption for various health outcomes
  3. Comparison of different methods of hydrogen water production (e.g., electrolysis vs. magnesium stick methods)
  4. Potential interactions with medications or other supplements

As research progresses, our understanding of the potential benefits and limitations of hydrogen water will likely evolve. Consumers should approach claims about hydrogen water with a critical eye and consult with healthcare professionals before incorporating it into their health regimen.

Purported Health Benefits of Hydrogen Water

Energy and Mental Clarity

Some users of hydrogen water, including those using the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle, report experiencing increased energy levels and improved mental clarity. While these effects are largely anecdotal, there are some potential mechanisms by which hydrogen might influence energy metabolism and cognitive function:

  1. Mitochondrial function: Molecular hydrogen has been proposed to support mitochondrial function, potentially leading to improved energy production at the cellular level (Ohta, 2015).

  2. Reduction of oxidative stress: By potentially neutralizing harmful free radicals, hydrogen might help reduce cellular damage that could otherwise impair energy metabolism (Ohsawa et al., 2007).

  3. Neuroprotective effects: Some studies suggest that hydrogen may have neuroprotective properties, which could theoretically contribute to improved cognitive function (Fu et al., 2009).

However, it's important to note that while some users report these benefits, the scientific evidence for hydrogen water's effects on energy and mental clarity in humans is still limited. More rigorous, large-scale studies are needed to confirm these potential benefits.

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Reduction

One of the most studied aspects of hydrogen water is its potential to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Molecular hydrogen is thought to act as a selective antioxidant, targeting particularly harmful free radicals without interfering with beneficial oxidative processes.

Several studies have investigated this potential:

  1. A study by Ohsawa et al. (2007) found that hydrogen could selectively reduce cytotoxic oxygen radicals in vitro and exert therapeutic antioxidant activity in a rat model of cerebral ischemia.

  2. Ishibashi et al. (2015) reported that drinking hydrogen-rich water for 4 weeks reduced oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The potential anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen water are particularly interesting in the context of chronic diseases, many of which are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. However, while these findings are promising, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of hydrogen water on inflammation and oxidative stress in various human populations and health conditions.

Athletic Performance and Recovery

Some athletes and fitness enthusiasts have shown interest in hydrogen water for its potential effects on exercise performance and recovery. The proposed benefits in this area include:

  1. Reduced exercise-induced fatigue: Aoki et al. (2012) found that drinking hydrogen-rich water before exercise helped maintain peak power output during intense exercise in young athletes.

  2. Improved recovery: Some studies suggest that hydrogen water might help reduce muscle soreness and speed up recovery after intense exercise (Kawamura et al., 2016).

  3. Potential antioxidant effects: By potentially reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress, hydrogen water might help protect against some of the negative effects of intense training (Nogueira et al., 2018).

While these findings are intriguing, it's important to note that the research in this area is still in its early stages. More comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal use of hydrogen water in athletic contexts.

Anti-Aging Effects

The potential anti-aging effects of hydrogen water are largely theoretical at this point, based on its proposed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aging process is closely linked to cumulative oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation, so interventions that address these factors are of interest in anti-aging research.

Some areas where hydrogen water has been studied in relation to aging include:

  1. Skin health: A small study by Kato et al. (2012) found that bathing in hydrogen-rich water improved skin wrinkles in some participants.

  2. DNA protection: Some research suggests that hydrogen might help protect DNA from oxidative damage, which is a key factor in aging (Ohsawa et al., 2007).

  3. Cellular senescence: Preliminary studies indicate that hydrogen might influence cellular senescence pathways, potentially slowing some aspects of cellular aging (Li et al., 2019).

However, it's crucial to approach these potential anti-aging effects with caution. The long-term effects of hydrogen water consumption on aging in humans have not been thoroughly studied, and much of the existing research is based on animal models or short-term human studies. More comprehensive, long-term research is needed to establish whether hydrogen water has significant anti-aging effects in humans.

Safety and Quality Considerations

Certifications and Testing

The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle has undergone certain certifications and testing to ensure its safety and efficacy:

  1. H2 Analytics certification: This certification verifies the hydrogen production capabilities of the device. However, consumers should be aware that H2 Analytics is a private company, not a regulatory body.

  2. SilverState Analytical Laboratories testing: This laboratory has conducted tests on the Echo Go to verify its performance and safety. Again, it's important to note that this is a private testing facility.

While these certifications and tests provide some assurance of the product's quality, they should not be confused with approvals from regulatory bodies like the FDA. The importance of third-party verification cannot be overstated, as it helps ensure that the product meets certain standards of safety and efficacy.

Material Safety

The Echo Go is constructed using BPA-free food-grade polycarbonate plastic. This material choice addresses concerns about potential chemical leaching, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), which has been associated with various health concerns.

Polycarbonate plastic is known for its durability and impact resistance, making it suitable for a portable device. However, like all plastics, it may degrade over time, especially with repeated use and exposure to heat or sunlight.

The manufacturer claims that the Echo Go's hydrogen production process does not introduce contaminants or heavy metals into the water. This is an important consideration, as the electrolysis process used to generate hydrogen could potentially introduce unwanted substances if not properly controlled.

Comparison to Other Hydrogen Water Products

The Echo Go stands out in the market of hydrogen water products due to its portability and on-demand hydrogen generation capabilities. Unlike pre-packaged hydrogen water, which may lose its hydrogen content over time, the Echo Go allows users to produce fresh hydrogen water as needed.

Compared to stationary hydrogen water machines, the Echo Go offers greater convenience for those who want to consume hydrogen water throughout the day or while traveling. However, larger stationary units may offer higher hydrogen concentrations or greater water capacity.

The use of platinum-coated titanium electrodes in the Echo Go is a notable feature, as these materials are known for their durability and efficiency in electrolysis processes. This may contribute to the device's longevity and consistent performance compared to some other portable hydrogen water generators.

Practical Usage of the Echo Go Hydrogen Water Bottle

Recommended Daily Intake

The manufacturer suggests consuming 1-3 bottles of hydrogen water from the Echo Go per day. However, it's important to note that there is no standardized recommendation for hydrogen water intake, as research in this area is still ongoing.

The timing of consumption may vary based on individual preferences and routines. Some users may choose to drink hydrogen water:

  1. First thing in the morning to potentially boost energy levels
  2. Before or after exercise to support performance and recovery
  3. Throughout the day as part of their regular hydration routine

It's crucial to remember that hydrogen water should not replace regular water intake, but rather supplement it. Individual health needs and conditions should always be considered, and it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before making significant changes to one's hydration routine.

Maintenance and Cleaning

Proper maintenance is essential for the optimal performance and longevity of the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle. The manufacturer recommends a monthly cleaning procedure using vinegar or citric acid:

  1. Fill the bottle with a solution of 1 part vinegar (or citric acid) to 3 parts water
  2. Run a 10-minute cycle
  3. Rinse thoroughly with clean water

Regular cleaning helps prevent mineral buildup on the electrode plates, which could affect hydrogen production efficiency over time. Users should also ensure the exterior of the bottle is kept clean and dry to prevent potential contamination.

Common issues that users might encounter include:

  1. Decreased hydrogen production over time
  2. Unusual tastes or odors in the water
  3. Battery life issues

Most of these problems can often be resolved through proper cleaning and maintenance. However, if issues persist, users should consult the manufacturer's troubleshooting guide or customer support.

Portability and Convenience

One of the key advantages of the Echo Go is its portability. With its compact 10 oz size, it can easily fit into bags, backpacks, or cup holders, making it suitable for use in various settings such as:

  1. At the gym or during outdoor activities
  2. In the office or during commutes
  3. While traveling

The rechargeable battery allows for multiple uses on a single charge, with the capacity to run 5-10 cycles before needing to be recharged. This makes it convenient for day-long use without requiring constant access to a power source.

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For optimal use and storage:

  1. Keep the bottle upright when possible to prevent leakage
  2. Avoid exposing the device to extreme temperatures
  3. Clean and dry the bottle thoroughly before storing for extended periods

While the Echo Go offers convenience, users should be aware that the hydrogen-infused water is best consumed within a few hours of production for maximum benefit, as the dissolved hydrogen can gradually escape over time.

Critical Analysis and Limitations

Scientific Evidence Gaps

While research on hydrogen water is growing, there are still significant gaps in our understanding:

  1. Long-term effects: Most studies on hydrogen water have been short-term. The long-term effects of regular consumption are not well-established.

  2. Optimal dosage

The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle represents an innovative approach to portable hydration, offering users the ability to produce hydrogen-rich water on demand. With its compact design, rechargeable battery, and ability to generate significant concentrations of dissolved hydrogen, the Echo Go provides a convenient way for health-conscious consumers to incorporate hydrogen water into their daily routines.

The potential benefits of hydrogen water, including its antioxidant properties and possible effects on inflammation, athletic performance, and cellular health, are intriguing. However, it's crucial to approach these claims with a critical eye. While some studies have shown promising results, the research on hydrogen water is still in its early stages, particularly regarding long-term effects and optimal dosage for various health outcomes.

As with any health-related product, consumers should consider the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle as a potential supplement to, rather than a replacement for, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and overall healthy lifestyle. It's advisable to consult with healthcare professionals before making significant changes to one's hydration routine, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.

The Echo Go's emphasis on safety, with its BPA-free construction and third-party testing, is commendable. However, users should remain mindful of proper maintenance and cleaning to ensure optimal performance and hygiene. The device's portability and ease of use make it an attractive option for those interested in exploring the potential benefits of hydrogen water, but it's important to weigh the cost and environmental considerations against potential health benefits.

As research in the field of hydrogen water continues to evolve, products like the Echo Go may play a role in advancing our understanding of molecular hydrogen's effects on human health. For now, while the Echo Go offers a novel approach to hydration, consumers should maintain realistic expectations and approach its use as part of a holistic approach to health and wellness.

Key Highlights and Actionable Tips

  • The Echo Go hydrogen water bottle uses electrolysis to infuse water with molecular hydrogen, potentially offering antioxidant benefits.
  • It can generate hydrogen concentrations of 2-3 ppm in 5 minutes or 4-5 ppm in 10 minutes.
  • The bottle has a 10 oz capacity and uses platinum-coated titanium electrodes for hydrogen production.
  • Use filtered, distilled, or reverse osmosis water for optimal results and device longevity.
  • Consume hydrogen water within a few hours of production for maximum benefit.
  • The manufacturer recommends drinking 1-3 bottles per day, but consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice.
  • Clean the device monthly using a vinegar or citric acid solution to maintain performance.
  • While some studies show promising results for hydrogen water, more research is needed to confirm long-term effects and optimal dosage.

How does the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle compare to pre-packaged hydrogen water?

The Echo Go offers several advantages over pre-packaged hydrogen water. Firstly, it allows users to produce fresh hydrogen-rich water on demand, ensuring that the hydrogen content is at its peak when consumed. Pre-packaged hydrogen water may lose its hydrogen content over time, especially if not stored properly. Additionally, the Echo Go is more environmentally friendly as it reduces the need for single-use plastic bottles. However, pre-packaged options may be more convenient for some users who don't want to carry a device or wait for the hydrogen infusion process.

Can hydrogen water produced by the Echo Go interact with medications?

While there is currently no evidence of direct interactions between hydrogen water and medications, it's always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating hydrogen water into your routine, especially if you're taking medications. Hydrogen water may potentially affect the body's pH levels or antioxidant status, which could theoretically influence the absorption or efficacy of certain medications. However, more research is needed to fully understand any potential interactions. As a precaution, it may be best to consume hydrogen water at a different time than when taking medications.

How does the hydrogen concentration produced by the Echo Go compare to other methods of hydrogen water production?

The Echo Go can produce hydrogen concentrations of 2-3 ppm in 5 minutes or 4-5 ppm in 10 minutes, which is within the range considered potentially therapeutic by some researchers. However, hydrogen concentrations can vary widely among different production methods. Some stationary hydrogen water machines may produce higher concentrations, potentially up to 1.6 ppm or more. Magnesium stick methods typically produce lower concentrations, often around 0.1-0.5 ppm. It's important to note that the optimal concentration for health benefits is still under investigation, and higher concentrations don't necessarily equate to better results.

Are there any potential side effects from consuming hydrogen water produced by the Echo Go?

While hydrogen water is generally considered safe, some users have reported mild side effects, particularly when first starting consumption. These may include temporary digestive discomfort, headaches, or fatigue. These effects are often attributed to the body adjusting to increased hydrogen intake or potential detoxification processes. However, it's important to note that these side effects are anecdotal and not well-documented in scientific literature. If you experience persistent or severe side effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. As with any significant change to your diet or hydration routine, it's best to start slowly and monitor your body's response.

How does the environmental impact of using the Echo Go compare to buying bottled water?

Using the Echo Go hydrogen water bottle can potentially have a lower environmental impact compared to regularly purchasing bottled water. The Echo Go is a reusable device, which significantly reduces plastic waste associated with single-use water bottles. Over time, this can lead to a substantial reduction in plastic consumption. Additionally, the Echo Go allows users to use tap water (when properly filtered), which can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transporting bottled water. However, the environmental impact also depends on factors such as the lifespan of the device, the energy used for charging, and proper disposal at the end of its life. Users should also consider the environmental impact of the filters used, if applicable. Overall, when used long-term and properly maintained, the Echo Go is likely to have a lower environmental impact than regularly purchasing bottled water.

References (Click to Expand)

Aoki, K., Nakao, A., Adachi, T., Matsui, Y., & Miyakawa, S. (2012). Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes. Medical Gas Research, 2(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-9912-2-12

Fu, Y., Ito, M., Fujita, Y., Ito, M., Ichihara, M., Masuda, A., ... & Ohsawa, I. (2009). Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience Letters, 453(2), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.016

Ishibashi, T., Sato, B., Shibata, S., Sakai, T., Hara, Y., Naritomi, Y., ... & Nagao, T. (2015). Consumption of water containing over 3.5 mg of dissolved hydrogen could improve vascular endothelial function. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 11, 591-597. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S92548

Kajiyama, S., Hasegawa, G., Asano, M., Hosoda, H., Fukui, M., Nakamura, N., ... & Nakano, K. (2008). Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition Research, 28(3), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008

Kato, S., Saitoh, Y., Iwai, K., & Miwa, N. (2012). Hydrogen-rich electrolyzed warm water represses wrinkle formation against UVA ray together with type-I collagen production and oxidative-stress diminishment in fibroblasts and cell-injury prevention in keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 106, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.09.006

Kawamura, T., Gando, Y., Takahashi, M., Hara, R., Suzuki, K., & Muraoka, I. (2016). Effects of hydrogen bathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle soreness. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 65(3), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.65.297

Li, Q., Kato, S., Matsuoka, D., Tanaka, H., & Miwa, N. (2019). Hydrogen water intake via tube-feeding for patients with pressure ulcer and its reconstructive effects on normal human skin cells in vitro. Medical Gas Research, 9(2), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.260649

Nogueira, J. E., Passaglia, P., Mota, C. M. D., Santos, B. M., Batalhão, M. E., Carnio, E. C., & Branco, L. G. S. (2018). Molecular hydrogen reduces acute exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress status. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 129, 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.028

Ohsawa, I., Ishikawa, M., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M., Nishimaki, K., Yamagata, K., ... & Ohta, S. (2007). Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nature Medicine, 13(6), 688-694. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1577

Ohta, S. (2015). Molecular hydrogen as a novel antioxidant: Overview of the advantages of hydrogen for medical applications. Methods in Enzymology, 555, 289-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2014.11.038

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